gnucpio" -- Command" "

_C_o_p_y_-_i_n _m_o_d_e_: ccppiioo {{--oo||----ccrreeaattee}} [[--00aaccvvAABBLLVV]] [[--CC _b_y_t_e_s]] [[--HH
_f_o_r_m_a_t]] [[--MM _m_e_s_s_a_g_e]] [[--OO [[[[_u_s_e_r@@]]_h_o_s_t::]]_a_r_c_h_i_v_e]] [[--FF
[[[[_u_s_e_r@@]]_h_o_s_t::]]_a_r_c_h_i_v_e]] [--file=[[_u_s_e_r@@]]_h_o_s_t::]]_a_r_c_h_i_v_e]]
[[----ffoorrmmaatt==_f_o_r_m_a_t]] [[----mmeessssaaggee==_m_e_s_s_a_g_e]] [[----nnuullll]] [[----rreesseett--
aacccceessss--ttiimmee]] [[----vveerrbboossee]] [[----ddoott]] [[----aappppeenndd]] [[----bblloocckk--
ssiizzee==bblloocckkss]] [[----ddeerreeffeerreennccee]] [[----iioo--ssiizzee==_b_y_t_e_s]] [[----vveerrssiioonn]]
&&lltt;; _n_a_m_e_-_l_i_s_t [[&&ggtt;; _a_r_c_h_i_v_e]]

_C_o_p_y_-_o_u_t _m_o_d_e_: ccppiioo {{--ii||----eexxttrraacctt}} [[--bbccddffmmnnrrttssuuvvBBSSVV]] [[--CC
_b_y_t_e_s]] [[--EE _f_i_l_e]] [[--HH _f_o_r_m_a_t]] [[--MM _m_e_s_s_a_g_e]] [[--RR
[[_u_s_e_r]][[::..]][[_g_r_o_u_p]]]] [[--II [[[[_u_s_e_r@@]]_h_o_s_t::]]_a_r_c_h_i_v_e]] [[--FF
[[[[_u_s_e_r@@]]_h_o_s_t::]]_a_r_c_h_i_v_e]] [[----ffiillee==[[[[_u_s_e_r@@]]_h_o_s_t::]]_a_r_c_h_i_v_e]]
[[----mmaakkee--ddiirreeccttoorriieess]] [[----nnoonnmmaattcchhiinngg]] [[----pprreesseerrvvee--
mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn--ttiimmee]] [[----nnuummeerriicc--uuiidd--ggiidd]] [[----rreennaammee]] [[----lliisstt]]
[[----sswwaapp--bbyytteess]] [[----sswwaapp]] [[----ddoott]] [[----uunnccoonnddiittiioonnaall]]
[[----vveerrbboossee]] [[----bblloocckk--ssiizzee==_b_l_o_c_k_s]] [[----sswwaapp--hhaallffwwoorrddss]] [[----iioo--
ssiizzee==_b_y_t_e_s]] [[----ppaatttteerrnn--ffiillee==_f_i_l_e]] [[----ffoorrmmaatt==_f_o_r_m_a_t]]
[[----oowwnneerr==[[_u_s_e_r]][[::..]][[_g_r_o_u_p]]]] [[----nnoo--pprreesseerrvvee--oowwnneerr]]
[[----mmeessssaaggee==_m_e_s_s_a_g_e]] [[----vveerrssiioonn]] [[_p_a_t_t_e_r_n_._._.]] [[&&lltt;; _a_r_c_h_i_v_e]]

_C_o_p_y_-_t_h_r_o_u_g_h _m_o_d_e_: ccppiioo {{--pp||----ppaassss--tthhrroouugghh}} [[--00aaddllmmuuvvLLVV]] [[--RR
[[_u_s_e_r]][[::..]][[_g_r_o_u_p]]]] [[----nnuullll]] [[----rreesseett--aacccceessss--ttiimmee]] [[----mmaakkee--
ddiirreeccttoorriieess]] [[----lliinnkk]] [[----pprreesseerrvvee--mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn--ttiimmee]]
[[----uunnccoonnddiittiioonnaall]] [[----vveerrbboossee]] [[----ddoott]] [[----ddeerreeffeerreennccee]]
[[----oowwnneerr==[[_u_s_e_r]][[::..]][[_g_r_o_u_p]]]] [[----nnoo--pprreesseerrvvee--oowwnneerr]]
[[----vveerrssiioonn]] _d_e_s_t_i_n_a_t_i_o_n_-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y &&lltt;; _n_a_m_e_-_l_i_s_t 

gnucpio has three operating modes.

_C_o_p_y_-_o_u_t _M_o_d_e

gnucpio copies files into an archive. It reads a list of file names, one per line, from the standard input, and writes the archive onto the standard output.

_C_o_p_y_-_i_n _M_o_d_e

gnucpio copies files from an archive or lists the archive's contents. It reads the archive from the standard input. Any non-option command-line arguments are shell wild-card patterns; only files in the archive whose names match one or more of those patterns are copied from the archive. Unlike in the shell, an initial `.' in a file name does match a wildcard at the start of a pattern, and a `/' in a file name can match wildcards. If the command line contains no pattern, gnucpio extracts all files.

_C_o_p_y_-_p_a_s_s _M_o_d_e

gnucpio copies files from one directory tree to another. This combines the copy-out and copy-in steps without actually using an archive. It reads the list of files to copy from the standard input; the directory into which it copies them is given as a non-option argument.

tar format is provided for compatability with the command tar. It can not be used to archive a file whose name exceeds 100 characters, and cannot be used to archive block or character devices. The POSIX.1 tar format can not be used to archive a file whose name exceeds 255 characters (less unless it has a `/' in just the right place).

By default, gnucpio creates binary archives, for compatibility with older cpio programs. When extracting from archives, gnucpio automatically recognizes the kind of archive it is reading, and can read archives created on machines with a different byte-order.

Options

--00

----nnuullll

In copy-out and copy-pass modes, read a list of file names terminated by a null character instead of a newline. This permits gnucpio to archive files whose names contain newlines.

--aa

----rreesseett--aacccceessss--ttiimmee

Reset the access times of files after reading them, so that it does not look like they have just been read.

--AA

----aappppeenndd

Append to an existing archive. Only works in copy-out mode. The archive must be a disk file specified with the options -O or -F.

--bb

----sswwaapp

In copy-in mode, swap both halfwords of words and bytes of halfwords in the data. Equivalent to the option -sS. Use this option to convert 32-bit integers between big-endian and little-endian machines.

--BB

Set the I/O block size to 5,120 bytes. Initially, the block size is 512 bytes.

----bblloocckk--ssiizzee==_b_l_o_c_k_s <> SSeett tthhee bblloocckk ssiizzee ttoo _b_l_o_c_k_sx512 bytes.

--cc

Use the old portable (ASCII) archive format.

--CC _s_i_z_e

----iioo--ssiizzee==_s_i_z_e

Set the I/O block size to size bytes.

--dd

----mmaakkee--ddiirreeccttoorriieess

Create leading directories where needed.

--EE ffiillee

----ppaatttteerrnn--ffiillee==_f_i_l_e

In copy-in mode, read from file additional patterns that specify file names to extract or list. gnucpio treats the lines of file as if they had been non-option arguments to gnucpio.

--ff

----nnoonnmmaattcchhiinngg

Copy only the files that do not match any of the given patterns.

--FF

----ffiillee==_a_r_c_h_i_v_e

Read to or write from archive instead of the standard input or output. When you use this option, you do not have to specify the output device for each volume of a multi-volume backup.

----ffoorrccee--llooccaall

With options -F, -I, or -O, take the archive file name to be a local file even if it contains a colon (which ordinarily names a remote host).

--HH _f_o_r_m_a_t

----ffoorrmmaatt==_f_o_r_m_a_t

Use archive format format. The valid formats are listed below; gnucpio also recognizes these names if given in capital letters. The default in copy-in mode is to detect automatically the archive format, and in copy-out mode is bin.

bbiinn

The obsolete binary format.

ooddcc

The old (POSIX.1) portable format.

nneewwcc

The new (SVR4) portable format, which supports file systems that have more than 65536 i-nodes.

ccrrcc

The new (SVR4) portable format with a checksum added.

ttaarr

The old tar format.

uussttaarr

The POSIX.1 tar format. Also recognizes GNU tar archives, which are similar but not identical.

--ii

----eexxttrraacctt

Run in copy-in mode.

--II _a_r_c_h_i_v_e

Archive file name to use instead of standard input.

--kk

This option exists only for compatibility with other versions of cpio. It is ignored.

--ll

----lliinnkk

Whenever possible, link files instead of copying them.

--LL

----ddeerreeffeerreennccee

Dereference symbolic links -- that is, copy the files that they point to instead of copying the links.

""--mm"

----pprreesseerrvvee--mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn--ttiimmee

Retain previous file-modification times when creating files.

--MM _m_e_s_s_a_g_e

----mmeessssaaggee==_m_e_s_s_a_g_e

Print message when gnucpio reaches the end of a volume of the back-up medium (such as a tape or a floppy disk), to prompt the user to insert a new volume. If message contains the string %d, gnucpio replaces that string with the number of the current volume (starting at one).

--nn

----nnuummeerriicc--uuiidd--ggiidd

In the verbose table of contents listing, show the numeric UID and GID instead of translating them into names.

----nnoo--pprreesseerrvvee--oowwnneerr

In copy-in and copy-pass modes, do not change the ownership of the files: leave them owned by the user who extracts them. This is the default for non-root users, so that users on System-V UNIX do not inadvertantly give away files.

--oo

----ccrreeaattee

Run in copy-out mode.

--OO _a_r_c_h_i_v_e

Write output into archive instead of to the standard output.

--pp

----ppaassss--tthhrroouugghh

Run in copy-pass mode.

--rr

----rreennaammee

Interactively rename files.

--RR [[_u_s_e_r]][[::..]][[_g_r_o_u_p]]

----oowwnneerr [[_u_s_e_r]][[::..]][[_g_r_o_u_p]]

In copy-out and copy-pass modes, set the ownership of all files created to user and group. Either the user or the group, or both, must be present. If the group is omitted but the `:' or `.' separator is given, gnucpio uses the user's login group. Only the super-user can change files' ownership.

--ss

----sswwaapp--bbyytteess

In copy-in mode, swap the bytes of each halfword (pair of bytes) in the files.

--SS

----sswwaapp--hhaallffwwoorrddss

In copy-in mode, swap the halfwords of each word (four bytes) in the files.

--tt

----lliisstt

Print a table of contents of the input.

--uu

----uunnccoonnddiittiioonnaall

Replace all files, without asking whether to replace existing newer files with older files.

--vv

----vveerrbboossee

List the files processed. When used with the option -t, give a listing that resembles the output of the command ls -l. In a verbose table of contents of a ustar archive, user and group names in the archive that do not exist on the local system are replaced by the names that correspond locally to the numeric UID and GID stored in the archive.

--VV ----ddoott

Print a `.' for each file processed.

----vveerrssiioonn

Print the number of the version of gnucpio that you are now running, and exit.

Examples

     find . -print | cpio -oc > ../newfile.cpio

The following command reads the cpio archive newfile.cpio and extracts all files whose names match the patterns memo/al or memo/b*:

     cpio -icdv "memo/al" "memo/b*" <../newfile.cpio

Note that the --dd option forces cpio to create the sub-directory memo and write the files into it. Otherwise, the files would have been written into the current directory. Option -v causes cpio to display each file name as it is extracted from the archive.

The following commands perform a multi-volume backup of all files on mounted filesystem /v to the character-special (i.e., ``raw'') floppy device /dev/rfha0:

     su root
     cd /v
     find . -print | cpio -ocv >/dev/rfha0

If the cpio archive exceeds one floppy disk, you will be prompted to insert another.

See Also

• commands,
• cpio,
• gtar
A

Notes

A gnucpio is released under the conditions of the Free Software Foundation's ``copyleft''. Full source code is available through the Mark Williams bulletin board.